| Meaning |
Cause, effect. In Ethica, there are two main ways in which a thing can
be said to cause another thing: causa adaequata
and causa partiale
{3d01}
[notes]
Causation only occurs
between things (res) under the same
attribute (see
quote of 1d02 below), Moreover
{2p07}: the
order
and connection of causation among extended things (in the
attribute of
extension) is the same as the
order
and connection of the
ideas (ideas are all things in the
attribute of
cogitatio).
The scope of the "order
and connection" theorem
{2p07} does certainly not
include the causa
prima, that is God =
natura-sense 2 =
substance, who is prior
to the attributes.
Theorem
{2p07} is
puzzling when applied to the
unity of
human body and mind:
in the mind
all
images (affections
of de human body in the
attribute
of
extension), are
perceived. The problem
is that perception is
emphatically called a
passive
- hence causal -
operation of mapping
images, which are a body affections, to an
idea in the mind, which is in the
attribute
of thought (see
{2p12} or its quote below). This
perception of the body
by the mind enables human beings to acquire
knowledge,
which can be
inadequate.
The program of reducing the
inadequacy
of our mind's
ideas makes for Ethica's methodological rules for
perfection of the
mind, where
virtue
consists of making progress towards reordering the
mind-body
union of the
human according to
{2p07}
(more about this: Appendix
to pp1p02 res concerning {2p07}).
At many loci,
the terms rerum^idearum
when referring to{2p07})), are referred to as rerum^causarum,
hence at such loci causa curiously means
idea.
(see quote
of {2p09}
below)) |
| Subsets (kinds) |
(causa) sui, externa, immanens^transiens, efficiens,
per se^per accidens
prima, proxima,
libera, formalis
see pp2p05 forma, adaequata^inadaequata, partiale,
efficiens,
per accidens
|
| Mantras
[[what is] |
ordo et connectio
rerum
^ causarum
in definitions of emotions: concomitante
idea
causae externae |
| Related concepts |
producere |
|
Occurrence |
[geomap]
|
| Not Linked |
causa where part of the separately defined 9 digit string "causa
sui" and grammatical equivalents (e.g. in "causa est sui") is linked to
{1d01 causa sui} |
|
{1p28
nisi alia causa finita} ... the infinite order and
causal connection of things within an attribute.... |
|
...Every individual thing, or everything which is finite and
has a conditioned existence, cannot exist or be conditioned to act,
unless it be conditioned for existence and action by a cause other than
itself, which also is finite, and has a conditioned existence; and
likewise this cause cannot in its turn exist, or be conditioned to act,
unless it be conditioned for existence and action by another cause,
which also is finite, and has a conditioned existence, and so on to
infinity. |
...Quodcunque
singulare
sive
[mng-eqv] quaevis res quae
finita est
et determinatam habet
existentiam, non
potest
existere nec ad operandum
determinari nisi ad
existendum et operandum determinetur ab
alia
causa
quae etiam finita est et determinatam habet
existentiam et rursus haec
causa
non
potest etiam
existere neque ad
operandum determinari nisi ab
alia quae etiam
finita est et determinatam habet
existentiam,
determinetur ad
existendum et operandum et sic in
infinitum. |
|
{1p06}
|
1. one can(not) be the
cause of the other
2. the other can(not) be produced by [it] |
1. una
alterius causa esse
(nequit)
2.
ab
alia (non)
potest produci |
|
{1p24c}
|
1. God is not only the cause of things coming into existence, but
also of their continuing in existence 2. in scholastic phraseology, God
is cause of the being of things (essendi rerum). |
1.
Deum non tantum esse
causam ut
res incipiant
existere sed etiam ut in
existendo perseverent
2.
(ut termino
scholastico utar) Deum esse
causam
essendi
rerum. |
|
{1p28}
|
1. cause 2. mode |
1.
causa 2.
modus |
|
{2d07}
[notes] |
1. particular things 2. things which are finite and
have a conditioned existence; but if several individual things concur in
one action, so as to be all simultaneously the effect of one cause, I
consider them all, so far, as one particular thing. |
1. [res] singulares
2. [res] quae
finitae sunt et determinatam
habent existentiam. Quod si plura individua in una
actione ita
concurrant ut omnia simul unius effectus sint
causa, eadem omnia eatenus
ut unam rem singularem
considero. |
|
{2p09}
|
[about
ideas as
causes]
1.
Another idea 2. God in as far he is considered affected by another idea |
[De
ideis
quatenus
causis]
1.
alia
idea
2.
Deus quatenus
alia
idea
affectus
consideratur |
|
{2p48} |
[About the mind] 1.
the cause of their actions can not be free 2. it cannot have the
absolute faculty of willing and not willing |
[De
menti]
1. suarum
actionum non potest esse
causa
libera
2. absolutam
facultatem volendi et
nolendi habere non
potest |
|
{3d01}
[notes] |
[About causes] 1.
adequate
2. through which its effect can be clearly and distinctly perceived. |
[De
causis]
1.
adaequatam
2. cujus
effectus
potest
clare et distincte per eandem
percipi. |
|
{3d01}
[notes] |
[About causes] 1.
inadequate 2. partial 3. through
which, by itself, its effect cannot be understood. |
[De
causis]
1. Inadaequatam
2. partialem
3.
illam
cujus
effectus per ipsam solam
intelligi nequit. |
|
{3d02}
[notes] |
1.
acting 2. anything takes place, either within us or externally to us,
whereof we are the adequate cause 3. through our nature something
takes place within us or externally to us, which can through our nature
alone be clearly and distinctly understood. |
1. agere
2. aliquid in nobis aut
[excl exh]
extra nos fit cujus
adaequata sumus
causa
3. ex
nostra natura aliquid in nobis aut
[excl exh]
extra nos sequitur quod per eandem
solam potest clare et distincte
intelligi. |
|
{3d02}
[notes] |
1.
Being passive as regards something 2.
something takes place within us, or follows from our nature externally
of which we are only the partial cause. |
1.
pati
aliquid
2. in nobis aliquid fit vel
[non-excl non-exh] ex nostra
natura aliquid sequitur cujus nos non
nisi partialis sumus
causa. |
|
{3d03}
[notes] |
[About mental and corporeal
emotions] 1.
Action 2. An affection of ours of which we are the adequate cause. |
[De
affectuum-mentis
et affectuum-corpus]
1.
actio 2.
affectio nostra
causata nobis
adaequate |
|
{3d03}[notes] |
[About mental and corporeal emotions]
1.
Passion 2. An affection of ours of which we are not the adequate cause. |
[De
affectuum-mentis
et affectuum-corpus]
1.
passionem 2.
affectio nostra
causata nobis non
adaequate |
|
{3p30} |
[About humans] 1. be affected by pleasure, accompanied by the idea of
oneself as cause 2. regard oneself with pleasure. |
[De hominum]
1.
laetitia concomitante
idea sui tanquam
causa
afficietur
2. se ipsum cum
laetitia
contemplabitur |
|
{3de06}
[notes] |
1. Love 2.
pleasure, accompanied by the idea of an external cause |
1. Amor
2. laetitia concomitante
idea
causae
externae. |
|
{3de07} |
1. Hatred
2. pain, accompanied by the idea of an external cause. |
1. Odium
2. tristitia concomitante
idea
causae
externae. |
|
{4d04}
[notes] |
1. possible
particular things 2.[particular things] which, while regarding the
causes whereby they must be produced, we know not, whether such causes
be determined for producing them. |
1. [res
singulares] possibiles
2. [res
singulares] quatenus dum ad
causas ex
quibus produci debent, attendimus,
nescimus an ipsae determinatae sint ad
easdem producendum. |
|
{4d07}
[notes] |
1. end, for the sake of which we do something
2. desire. |
1. finem cujus
causa aliquid facimus
1. appetitum |
{4d08}
[notes
defective] |
1. virtue 2. power 2. a man's nature or
essence, in so far as it has the power of effecting what can only be
understood by the laws of that nature. |
1. virtutem
2.
potentiam
3.
ipsa hominis
essentia
seu
[mng eqv]
natura quatenus
potestatem habet quaedam
efficiendi quae per solas ipsius
naturae
leges
possunt
intelligi. |